Under the sentence in his court martial, which concluded today, the 31-year-old sergeant will be dishonourably discharged and reduced to private in rank, as well as losing pay.
Prosecutors had argued Bergdahl should spend 14 years behind bars for endangering US troops in Afghanistan.
Bergdahl spent five years in Taliban captivity after abandoning his post. Rescue missions to retrieve him led to one US soldier being shot in the head. The rescue efforts also led to huge monetary costs.
On Friday, the judge said the Idaho native must forfeit pay equal to $1,000 (£765) per month for 10 months.
Bergdahl had been facing up to life in prison after he pleaded guilty last month to desertion and misbehaviour before the enemy.
Donald Trump, who criticised President Obama's negotiation efforts to get Bergdahl released back in 2015, took to Twitter to voice his opposition at the decision.

The decision on Sergeant Bergdahl is a complete and total disgrace to our Country and to our Military.

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 3, 2017

Bowe Bergdahl was the focus of Season 2 of Serial, one of the most popular podcasts of the last few years.